Zi geɖe la, amewo susuna nenemaʋuƒoa ƒe ʋuƒoaƒe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o eye maxɔ dzo o. Ne ewɔe la, ate ŋu anye kuxi na gakpoa. Esia nye nukpɔsusu totro si le akpa ɖeka me ku ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, si hã ate ŋu axɔ dzo le nɔnɔme aɖewo me la gɔmesese ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ŋu.
Ŋutete le gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nu— .si fia be ete ŋu nɔa te ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ nu, eye ŋutete le esi hã be wòagblẽ le nusiwo me acid, alkali, kple dze le me— .si fia be, tsitretsitsi ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu. Gake eƒe ŋutete si tsi tre ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu ƒe lolome trɔna le atike siwo le eƒe gakpo ŋutɔ me, takpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme, nɔnɔme siwo me wozãnɛ kple nutomenuwo ƒe ƒomevi si wozãna ta.
Zi geɖe la, womaa gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ɖe:
Zi geɖe la, le ga ƒe wɔwɔme nu la, womaa gakpo dzro si mexɔ dzo o ɖe hatsotso etɔ̃ me: austenitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, ferritic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, kple martensitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o. Wonɔa te ɖe gaŋutiɖoɖo vevi etɔ̃ siawo dzi, le hiahiã kple taɖodzinu tɔxɛwo ta la, wokpɔa gakpo siwo ƒe akpa eve, gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o siwo naa tsidzadza sesẽna kple gakpo siwo me gayibɔ le si me gayibɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme mede 50% o.
1. Austentic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Matrix la xɔ aƒe ɖe austenite wɔwɔme (CY phase) si nye mo-centered cubic crystal structure, non-magnetic, eye vevietɔ doa ŋusẽe to fafɛ dɔwɔwɔ (eye ate ŋu ahe magnetic nɔnɔme aɖewo vɛ) stainless steel. Wotsɔ xexlẽdzesi siwo le 200 kple 300 siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo, abe 304 ene, tia Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ga kple Gakpo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒea.
2. Ferritic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Matriki lae nye si dzi ferrite ƒe wɔwɔme ((afã aɖe) si le ŋutilã titina ƒe kubik kristalo ƒe wɔwɔme, si nye magnet eye zi geɖe la, womate ŋu asẽ to dzoxɔxɔ me o, gake woate ŋu ado ŋusẽe vie to dɔwɔwɔ le vuvɔ me.
3. Martensitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Matriks la nye martensitic xɔtuɖoɖo (ŋutilã-centered cubic alo cubic), magnetic, eye woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu to dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Wotsɔ xexlẽdzesi 410, 420 kple 440 de dzesi Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ga kple Gaŋutinunya Dɔwɔƒe.Austenite ƒe wɔwɔme le Martensite ŋu le dzoxɔxɔ gã me, eye ne wofae va ɖo xɔme ƒe dzoxɔxɔ dzi le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me la, woate ŋu atrɔ austenite ƒe wɔwɔme wòazu martensite (si fia be esesẽ).
4. Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Matrix la ƒe wɔwɔme nye austenite kple ferrite siaa ƒe akpa eve, eye zi geɖe la, nusiwo le matriki si me akpa sue mele o me sɔ gbɔ wu 15%. Magnet ye wònye eye woate ŋu ado ŋusẽe ne wowɔ dɔ le vuvɔ me. 329 nye gakpo si mexɔ dzo o si wozãna le duplex si bɔ. Ne wotsɔe sɔ kple austenitic stainless steel la, dual-phase steel ƒe ŋusẽ nyo ŋutɔ, eye alesi wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe intergranular corrosion kple chloride stress corrosion kple pitting corrosion nu nyona ɖe edzi ŋutɔ.
5. Tsidzadza sesẽna gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Matrix la nye austenite alo martensitic structure eye woateŋu asesẽ to tsidzadza ƒe sesẽ me. Wotsɔ xexlẽdzesi 600 siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo, abe 630, si nye 17-4PH ene, de dzesi Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ga kple Gakpo Dɔwɔƒea.
Le nyateƒe me la, tsɔ kpe ɖe gakpo siwo wotsɔ ga wɔe ŋu la, alesi austenitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyuie ŋutɔ. Le teƒe si mexɔa dzo boo o la, woate ŋu azã ferritic stainless steel. Le nɔnɔme si me xɔxlɔ̃ le fafɛ me la, ne wobia tso nusi wotsɔ wɔe si be wòanye esi lolo Na ŋusẽ alo sesẽme gã la, woate ŋu azã martensitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o kple tsidzadza sesẽ gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Ga si mexɔ dzo o ƒe dzesiwo kple nɔnɔme siwo bɔ
01 304 Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Enye austenitic gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o siwo wozãna wu eye wozãa wo geɖe wu la dometɔ ɖeka. Esɔ na akpa siwo wohe goglo kple acid-pɔmpiwo, nugoewo, xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe akpawo, dɔwɔnu vovovowo ƒe ŋutilã, kple bubuawo wɔwɔ.Woate ŋu azãe hã atsɔ awɔ dɔwɔnu siwo menye magnet o, siwo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ mede o kple akpa aɖe.
02 304L Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Be woakpɔ kuxi si nye ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel si woto vɛ le Cr23C6 ƒe tsidzadza si he intergranular corrosion tendency sesẽ vɛ le 304 stainless steel le nɔnɔme aɖewo me gbɔ la, eƒe sensitized state intergranular corrosion tsitretsitsi nyo ŋutɔ wu 304 stainless steel tɔ. Negbe ŋusẽ si bɔbɔ vie ko la, nɔnɔme bubuwo sɔ kple gakpo 321 si mexɔ dzo o. Wozãnɛ koŋ na dɔwɔnu siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu kple akpa siwo womate ŋu atsɔ solution awɔ dɔe le welding megbe o, eye woate ŋu azãe atsɔ awɔ dɔwɔnu ƒe ŋutilã vovovowo.
03 304H Ga si mexɔ dzo o
304 gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ƒe alɔdze ememetɔ ƒe carbon ƒe lolome ƒe akpa sue aɖe nye 0.04%-0.10%, eye eƒe dzoxɔxɔ gã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyo wu 304 gakpo si mexɔ dzo o tɔ.
04 316 Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Molybdenum tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe 10Cr18Ni12 gakpo dzi nana be gakpoa te ŋu nɔa te ɖe medium kple pitting corrosion dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ nu nyuie. Le atsiaƒu me tsi kple mɔ̃ vovovo bubuwo me la, alesi wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyo wu gakpo 304 si mexɔ dzo o, si wozãna koŋ na nusiwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe dowo nu.
05 316L Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Ultra-low carbon steel te ŋu nɔa te ɖe sensitized intergranular corrosion nu nyuie eye wòsɔ na welded akpawo kple dɔwɔnu siwo ƒe akpa ƒe didime le kpekpem wɔwɔ, abe nusiwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu le petrochemical dɔwɔnuwo me ene.
06 316H Ga si mexɔ dzo o
316 gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ƒe alɔdze ememetɔ ƒe carbon mass fraction nye 0.04%-0.10%, eye eƒe dzoxɔxɔ gã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyo wu 316 gakpo si mexɔ dzo o tɔ.
07 317 Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Pitting corrosion tsitretsitsi kple creep tsitretsitsi nyo wu 316L gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, si wozãna le petrochemical kple organic acid corrosion resistant dɔwɔnuwo wɔwɔ me.
08 321 Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Titanium-si li ke austenitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, si tsɔ titanium kpe ɖe eŋu be wòana intergranular corrosion tsitretsitsi nanyo ɖe edzi, eye dzoxɔxɔ gã ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔme nyuiwo le esi, ate ŋu atsɔ ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel aɖɔli. Negbe le wɔna tɔxɛwo abe dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ alo haidrodzin ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ ene ko la, zi geɖe la, womeɖoa aɖaŋu be woazãe o.
09 347 Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Niobium-si li ke austenitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, tsɔ niobium kpe ɖe eŋu be wòana intergranular xɔdzo ƒe tsitretsitsi nanyo ɖe edzi, xɔxlɔ̃ ƒe tsitretsitsi le acid, alkali, dze kple nu bubu siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu me la sɔ kple 321 gakpo si mexɔ dzo o, welding dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, woate ŋu azãe abe nusi te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu kple esi tsi tre ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu ene Wozãa gakpo dzodzoe koŋ le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ŋusẽ kple petrochemical agblewo me, abe nugoewo, pɔmpiwo, dzoxɔxɔɖɔlimɔ̃wo, ʋuƒo, dzodoƒe ƒe mɔ̃ siwo le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe dzodoƒewo, kple dzodoƒe ƒe dzoxɔxɔdzidzenuwo wɔwɔ.
10 904L Ga si mexɔ dzo o
Super blibo austenitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o nye super austenitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ƒomevi aɖe si OUTOKUMPU to vɛ le Finland. , Eƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu nyuie le acid siwo me oxidizing o abe sulphuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid kple phosphoric acid ene me, eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyuie le crevice corrosion kple stress corrosion tsitretsitsi hã ŋu. Esɔ na sulphuric acid ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ vovovo siwo mede 70 o°C, eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyuie le acetic acid kple formic acid kple acetic acid ƒe acid si wotsaka me le agbɔsɔsɔ kple dzoxɔxɔ ɖesiaɖe me le nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ me.
11 440C gakpo si mexɔ dzo o
Martensitic gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ye ƒe sesẽme lolo wu le gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o siwo sesẽ kple gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o dome, eye eƒe sesẽme nye HRC57. Wozãnɛ koŋ tsɔ wɔa nozzles, bearings, .akpakpaluʋuivalve nu veviwo, .akpakpaluʋuivalve zikpuiwo, abɔta, .valve kewo, kple bubuawo.
12 17-4PH gakpo si mexɔ dzo o
Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel si ƒe sesẽme nye HRC44 ƒe ŋusẽ, sesẽme kple xɔxlɔ̃ ƒe tsitretsitsi lolo eye womate ŋu azãe le dzoxɔxɔ si wu 300 me o°C. Ete ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyuie le yame kple aɖi alo dze si woɖe ɖe tsi me. Eƒe xɔxlɔ̃ ƒe tsitretsitsi sɔ kple gakpo 304 si mexɔ dzo o kple gakpo 430 si mexɔ dzo o tɔ. Wozãnɛ tsɔ wɔa ƒuta nuƒolanɔƒewo, turbine blades, .akpakpaluʋuivalve (valvɔ ƒe nu veviwo, valvɔ ƒe zikpuiwo, abɔta, valvɔ ƒe kewo) wait.
In valve aɖaŋuwɔwɔ kple tiatia, ɖoɖo vovovowo, ɖoɖo vovovowo, kple gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ƒe hatsotsowo doa go zi geɖe. Ne wole tiatia wɔm la, ele be woabu kuxia ŋu tso nukpɔsusu vovovowo abe alesi wowɔa dɔe koŋ, dzoxɔxɔ, nyaƒoɖeamenu, akpa siwo ŋu nuteɖeamedzi le, xɔxlɔ̃, kple gazazã ene.
Ɣeyiɣi si woɖoe ɖe amewo: Jul-20-2022
